Those who attended the festivals usually traveled in caravans for protection from robbers along the Palestine roads. It was customary for the women and children to travel at the front of the caravan, with the men bringing up the rear. A twelve-year-old boy conceivably could have been in either group, and both Mary and Joseph assumed Jesus was with the other one. Their caravan probably included a large number of people. So it was not until they were ready to strike camp that Mary and Joseph checked for Jesus among the other travelers, only to discover that he was not in the crowd but had stayed behind in Jerusalem.
He was teaching, and the depth of his wisdom, amazed the other teachers that assembled.
While Jesus undoubtedly felt bad that he had caused his parents distress, it made perfect sense to him that he would be in his Father’s house, that is, in the Temple.
Jesus was making a distinction between his earthly father and his heavenly Father. Jesus understood his identity with God, but also was not yet supposed to go about his earthly ministry (that did not happen until he was thirty years old). In the meantime, Jesus lived a human life, obeying his parents, growing up, studying, and learning. As she had with the words of the shepherds at Jesus’ birth, Mary stored all these things in her heart.
While the Bible does not record any events of the next eighteen years of Jesus’ life, Jesus undoubtedly was learning and maturing. He grew physically (in height) and mentally (in wisdom), he related to other people (loved by all who knew him), and he was loved by God. A full human life is balanced. It was important to Jesus—and it should be important to all believers—to develop fully in each of these key areas: physical, mental, social, and spiritual.
As chapter 3 begins, we see Luke, once again, gave his Roman audience a historical context for his narrative. Tiberius, the Roman emperor, ruled from a.d. 14–37. Pilate was the Roman governor responsible for the province of Judea from a.d. 26–36. Originally, Archelaus, son of Herod the Great, had been assigned this portion to rule after his father died, but he ruled so poorly that his subjects petitioned for him to be removed. The Romans installed a governor in a.d. 6 and eventually Pilate held this post.
News that a prophet had burst onto the scene excited the people. There was a sense that God was doing a work. The prophet Isaiah called his people to repentance. The second half of the book of Isaiah focuses on the promise of salvation—the coming of the Messiah and the arrival of a man who would announce this coming (Isaiah 40:3).
God’s message hasn’t changed since the Old Testament—people will be judged for their unproductive lives. Just as a fruit tree is expected to bear fruit, God’s people should produce a crop of good deeds. John said that people who claim to believe God but don’t live for God are like unproductive trees that will be cut down. The ax of God’s judgment is poised and ready to do its work, cutting down those trees that do not bear good fruit (Psalm 74:5-6; Jeremiah 46:22). Not only will the trees be chopped down, but they will be thrown into the fire, signifying complete destruction.